Tôi đăng lại bài này nhân dịp một bà con ở nam Cali vừa thăm viếng nhà thờ này trong chuyến du lịch Âu châu -- Tài Trần.
MỌI NGƯỜI ĐỀU BÌNH ĐẲNG TRƯỚC PHÁP LUẬT
Chúng tôi khẳng định một chân lý hiển nhiên rằng mọi người sinh ra đều bình đẳng, rằng tạo hóa đã ban cho họ những quyền tất yếu và bất khả xâm phạm, trong đó có quyền sống, quyền được tự do và mưu cầu hạnh phúc . . . (Lời Mở Đầu Của Tuyên Ngôn Độc Lập Mỹ)
Monday, January 12, 2026
Unhealthy fumes or metal
leaching into food over time may cause damage to organs, says Dr. Elizabeth
Bradley, medical director and owner of Advanced Functional Medicine and
Longevity Center, which operates virtually and in Lyme, New Hampshire.
“There are certain toxins
in cookware that could actually make us sick or potentially, long-term, create
an environment within our body that maybe is difficult to detoxify,” Bradley
explains.
And while some of these
chemicals may not leach into food at levels high enough to cause harm, Bradley
notes that it’s the accumulation of toxins that can lead to concern. “You’re
getting some of it through, let’s say, Teflon [a nonstick coating], but you’re
also getting it through many other things like cosmetics” or microwave popcorn,
she explains, adding that she works to help her patients decrease their “total
amount of toxins.”
The good news is that
many of these toxins can be avoided by using best practices and making a few
swaps. Use this guide to prioritize safer cookware.
Materials
to be aware of
Aluminum: Home
cooks often opt for disposable pans and muffin and bread tins. But these
single-use options may increase the risk of aluminum exposure, as it might
leach from the foil or cookware into food, says Deanna Minich, a certified
functional medicine practitioner, who is on the board of directors for
Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Institute and a faculty member at the Institute
for Functional Medicine and the University of Western States. One study found
that baking meat in aluminum foil increased the aluminum concentration of red
and white meats by as much as 378 percent.
While the FAO/WHO Expert
Committee on Food Additives notes that “there are no evident risks to the
health of the consumer from using aluminum foil to cook meats,” the
organization does recognize that eating meals prepared in foil, in conjunction
with exposure to additional sources of aluminum, may carry a health risk.
Teflon: Some
nonstick pans are sealed with a Teflon coating made of PTFE
(polytetrafluoroethylene), a fluoropolymer in the PFAS family. In fact, one
study tested 14 nonstick pans and 10 nonstick baking pans from a variety of
brands and price points. The researchers found that 79 percent of the nonstick
pans and 20 percent of the nonstick bakeware contained these chemicals.
PFAS, says Chris Hine,
Associate Staff with the Cleveland Clinic's Department of Cardiovascular and
Metabolic Sciences, are considered a “forever chemical” that can be absorbed
from the pan into the body. “They get into our bodies, and they can stick around
much like nanoplastics or microplastics,” says Hine. “These can accumulate in
different tissues, such as the brain, muscles, cardiac tissues or
kidneys.” These chemicals have been found in everything from cosmetics to
dental floss, household dust, drinking water and prepackaged foods, so anytime
you can cut down on their exposure helps, says Hine. And being mindful of the
cookware you use, he says, can be a great way to do this. Some states are
even banning PFAS in nonstick cookware, with Minnesota leading the charge in
January 2025.
When overheated (to
around 500 °F.), PTFE-coated nonstick pans may create toxic fumes that could
cause what is known as “polymer fume fever.” Symptoms include breathing
difficulty, fever and sore throat. “When [Teflon is] heated at high
temperatures, the fumes that come out actually can make people sick,” Bradley
says.
Pots
and pans to discard
To cut down on toxin
exposure, do your best to empty cupboards of cookware that contains materials
mentioned above. But you don't have to toss all your pans at once.
Choose your one or two
most-used nonstick pans and replace those first with a safer option, says Tonya
Harris, author of The Slightly Greener Method. Start by taking
inventory of what you have, and consider replacing these items:
Chipped or scratched
pans: When pans get nicked or scratched, the surface coating is
compromised, making it easier for potential toxins to leach into your food,
Bradley says. She stresses that if a pan has Teflon coating and you use a metal
utensil on it, the minute you cut into it, you're actually exposing more.
Stainless steel pans that are badly scratched can potentially expose you to
chromium and nickel, which in higher amounts may cause health issues like
dermatitis, especially in those with nickel sensitivity. Toss anything that’s
discolored, too, as that could be a sign it’s breaking down, says Hine.
Older cookware: Some
old or badly burned stainless steel pans may allow chemicals to seep into food
as well. And if you're scouring yard sales or secondhand stores for pans that
are nonstick, beware that they may contain Teflon. In general, it's best to opt
for newer cookware when replacing a pan.
Pans that are burned: “One
of the concerns in the field of cancer is consuming burned or overcooked foods,
because most of them can be carcinogens,” says Hine. Even if you have a cleaner
pan option, like stainless steel, food burned on the bottom could be a
potential carcinogen that could put you at an increased risk of colon or
intestinal types of cancers, says Hine. “So if you have food that’s really
burned on there and you can’t get it off, it may be a good idea to find a new
pot or pan,” says Hine.
Safer
options
Ceramic cookware: This
has become increasingly popular as a safer cooking option, and Bradley
recommends this material to her patients. Alternatively, some ceramic cookware
brands are nonstick but made with Teflon-free coatings.
But it’s important to
note that there’s not much research yet on these newer materials, Minich says.
"Many manufacturers
have turned to other substances to create their nonstick cookware, but it is
unknown whether some of these substitutions are actually safer than PFOA [a
type of PFAS],” Minich says. “We will just have to wait for more research before
determining if they truly are safe."
Cast-iron: Generally
considered one of the safer metals for cookware. “Although the iron may leach
into food, it is generally at small amounts,” explains Minich. If, however, you
have a condition called hemochromatosis (also known as iron overload), “that's
a situation where you wouldn't want to cook in a cast-iron pan,” Bradley says.
Stainless steel: Another
generally safe option. But experts note that you should ideally refrain from
cooking acidic foods, like tomato sauce, in these types of pans. “Stainless
steel may have some heavy metals in it, such as nickel and chromium, that can
leach, especially when cooking acidic foods,” Minich explains. Just make sure
to look for a high-quality steel pan, and avoid scratching it to cut down on
risk. Josh Axe, doctor of chiropractic, certified doctor of natural medicine
and clinical nutritionist, recommends purchasing a food-grade version of
stainless steel pots and pans. Buying from a reputable retailer is a good place
to start.
Glass: Bradley
is a fan of using oven-safe glass containers to cook things like chicken or
bake brownies. When it comes to cooking materials, “glass is one of the better,
if not the best,” she says. Read the label and make sure you choose lead-free
glass.
Keep in mind, there is
“no perfect cookware,” Harris notes. And one way to minimize the risk of
exposure to any of the above is to rotate what you cook with. “Have a couple of
different types so you’re not using the same pan with the same exposure, such as
to nickel or iron, and alternate cooking with them,” she suggests.
Go
Beyond Pots and Pans
When seeking out safe
cooking practices, here are a few other tips to keep in mind.
1. Be mindful of utensils
Some spatulas and
stirring spoons can also contain toxins. Plastic utensils may contain bisphenol
A (BPA) and other hormone disrupters, which can leach into your food when
cooking. And just because something is BPA-free doesn't mean it’s safer.
“A lot of times when [BPA
is] removed, they'll replace it with bisphenol S [BPS] or F [BPF], which may
have just as strong, if not stronger, endocrine-disrupting or
hormone-disrupting properties as BPA,” says Tonya Harris, an environmental
toxins expert.
Be aware that metal
utensils can scratch up your pans, potentially creating more opportunities for
chemicals to trickle into your food. “I personally use wooden utensils for
cooking,” says Dr. Steven Gundry, former heart surgeon turned restorative
medicine practitioner and microbiome expert, and author of The
Gut-Brain Paradox. Harris says silicon can be a good option if you use
high-quality, food-grade versions.
2. Turn on the fan
Since cooking with
chemical-laden nonstick pans can create harmful fumes, it's a good idea to turn
the exhaust fan on when cooking. The fan can also help dissipate any smoke or
gas from cooking on high heat.
3. Use parchment paper
If you can’t find a
nontoxic baking sheet, or aren’t sure if yours contains harmful chemicals,
Bradley suggests lining it with parchment paper before putting food on top.
“That’s going to minimize the actual absorption of the chemicals,” she says.
4. Avoid takeout
containers
Experts like Gundry warn
that takeout containers made from foam or plastic often contain endocrine
disrupters. Even paper cartons may have a plasticized lining containing some
toxins, he says. “When in doubt and you have to have takeout, bring your own glass
containers from home and transfer [the food] immediately.”
5. Don’t microwave food
in plastic
This is a definite no-no,
says Bradley. Why? Heating plastic in the microwave releases
microplastics and nanoplastics into food in much larger
quantities when compared to storing food in plastic containers in the
refrigerator or at room temperature, according to a 2023 study published
in the journal Environmental Science & Technology.
6. Watch for nonstick
pans that aren’t labeled
PTFE- and PFOA-free: If a
nonstick pan is made with the newer PTFE- and PFOA-free green materials, those
are potentially better. A pan that just says “nonstick” and doesn’t give any
kind of description? That’s likely one you don’t want.
More
From AARP
Food Storage Guide: Fridge vs
Pantry?
28 Tips for Avoiding Food-Borne Illness
MEMBERS ONLY
11 Fall Prevention Tips to Keep
Your Home Safe
Most Popular
Saturday, January 10, 2026
SAIGON—“If you want to make poulet à la crème
(gà sốt kem), there
aren't any good mushrooms. You can't make Swiss fondue (lẩu phô mai Thụy Sĩ) because
there's no cheese or kirsch (rượu kirsch). Two
years ago they stopped importing wines. But I suppose we shouldn't complain.
There's a war on,” said Madame Madeleine Leccia, proprietor of the Guillaume
fell restaurant in Saigon.
Madame
Leccla's problems are common to French restaurateurs all over Vietnam, where
the art of French cooking is still practiced fitfully (ko đều đặn)
and
with varying degrees of success in most of the large cities of the country.
A
Mountain Resort
But to
get a really good dish with mushrooms one must go more than 100 miles to the
mountain resort of Dalat, to a French restaurant called l'Eau Vive (Nước của sự sống), where the Catholic lay (ko lành nghề) sisters
who run the establishment as a religious duty say the secret of their success
is that they cook for God.
The
closest authentic
French potage aux legumes (súp rau củ), with
the same consistency (nhất quán) of pulverized potato and
carrot and the same taste that the soup has in France, is in pastoral outdoor
restaurant called La Biche aux Abois (Con nai bị dồn vào
Đường cùng) in Thu Duc, 10 miles east of Sai gon.
All
three of these restaurants are run or supervised by Frenchmen. There are now
only a few thousand natives of France left in Vietnam, which until 1954 was
part of the French colonial empire in Indochina.
Madame
Leccia, for example, is Alsatian and has been here for 19 years. Her husband, a
Corsican, died in 1962.
“It's
my livelihood (sinh kế),” she says of the Guillaume Tell. “I've had the same chef since
1954. He is Chinese, but most of the recipes are my own.”
Popular
With Americans
The
Guillaume Tell, one of the best of the 30 or so French restaurants in Saigon—only
5 are owned by Frenchmen—is in a large, high‐ceilinged
room cooled by eight air‐conditioners. It is favored by American businessmen and Embassy
officials for catered dinners because upstairs there is a secluded room
for parties that is considered secure from a terrorist attack.
The Chinese and Vietnamese waiters wear bow ties (cà vạt) and
white jackets, and the maitre d’hotel (quản lý) wears a
tuxedo (lễ phục), but Madame Leccia, a tall florid (tươi như hoa) woman with glasses, is the distinctive feature
of the place.
The
menu is like most French restaurant menus in Vietnam. It features such soups as
consommé froid au porto (dùng lạnh với rượu porto), cream
of asparagus and vichyssoise (súp Vichyssoise), each at about 90
cents, duck a l'orange (vịt sốt cam), at
$2.50, tournedos (beefsteak hay chateaubriand) in several sauces at
about $3, and a few vegetable dishes, none memorable.
The
only wines available are the ones sold in the American Post Exchange (quân tiêp vụ của Mỹ), which dribble
(tuồn ra) to
the restaurants through the black market and are sold at inflated prices
(nearly $10 for a bottle of Paul Masson pinot noir or Beaujolais, which costs a
little more than $1 at the Exchange).
Madame
Leccia, on whose restaurant's wall is displayed prominently a sign saying “in
vino veritas (uống rượu sẽ nói thật),” said, “To import wines
you have to have a license, and there's a 300‐ to‐500 per
cent tax on them. It's the same with cheese. A camembert costs 1,000 piasters
(more than $3).
What
people really go to the restaurant for is the atmosphere, which by dint of
murals (tranh vẽ trên tường) of Swiss chalets (biệt thự nhỏ băng gỗ ở Thụy Sĩ), and arrows bearing
slogans like “carpe diem” (hành động ngay) and the
motto on the menu (“He who knows not how to drink knows nothing”, kẻ nào
ko biết uống rượu ko biết gì hết) makes it seem like a real
French restaurant in a happier time and place.
The nuns’ restaurant in Dalat, l'Eau Vive, has both the
atmosphere and the taste of a real French restaurant. Dalat is 5,000 feet up in
the Annamite Mountains and there is occasionally frost there in the wintertime.
The Eau Vive is in a villa that once belonged to a French colonialist.
Food
Cooked Perfectly
“The
possibilities of cuisine here are very limited, because there's a war on,” said
one of the lay sisters, a dark‐haired young Belgian woman who said she did
not want to give her name. “But we must cook the food perfectly, because if we did not, we
would be betraying our vows.”
Foreigners
in Vietnam learn that the way to order salad is to say to the waiter, “salade
Dalat,” and the salad at l'Eau Vive is the best in the country. Most of Vietnam's
lettuce and tomatoes are grown there because the colder climate suits them better.
The tomatoes in l'Eau Vive's salad were red and juicy, not thin and drained as
they usually are in Saigon.
The
vegetable soup is better at La Biche aux Abois, a restaurant closer to
Saigon, next to a manioc field under a grove of gum trees in Thu Duc, between
Saigon and the giant United States Army base at Longbinh. The name of the
restaurant mean the doe at bay and there are superb game recipes on the
menu. One of the best that is occasionally on the menus is cuisson de
sanglier (đùi heo rừng), or leg of wild boar.
The
manager; a bald Frenchman named Robert Bords, has been ill recently, but his
menu has a snappy sound to it. Sandwiches are called amuses — gueules
(khai vị, ăn trước bữa ăn chánh), the French expression
for some thing to fill your face with, and pork pâtés (pate heo) come in
two varieties: petite and grande cochonneries, a play on words that
suggests pigs but means inanities (những điều vô nghĩa).
The
restaurant is a crescent — shaped space covered by a tin corrugated roof but
otherwise open and surrounded by trees and flowering shrubs.
Most affluent Vietnamese who live in Saigon go to one of the
numerous excellent and varied Chinese or one of the few truly Vietnamese restaurants
when they want to celebrate. Despite the valiant efforts made by the remaining
practitioners of the French culinary arts, who occasion ally do very well, the
Vietnamese clearly know where they will get a better meal./.
















